National Dish of East Timor Ikan Pepes

Ikan Pepes is a national fish dish in East Timor. Ikan means fish and Pepes refers to the method of steaming it in banana leaves, then grilling. Ikan Pepes is made with whole fish cooked in exotic Eastern spices.

Servings

4 Person

Prep Time

20 Min

Cook Time

26 Min

Total Time

46 Min

For Ikan Pepes
2 lb.
whole red snapper (gutted and rinsed)
Banana leaves
1
lime (Juiced)
For Curry Paste
1 tbsp.
tamarind pulp (soaked for 5 minutes)
6-10
large chili peppers (chopped)
5
candlenuts / macadamia nuts
1 tbsp.
palm sugar / brown sugar
½ tsp.
1 tbsp.
1 tsp.
½ tsp.

Ikan Pepes is a national fish dish in East Timor. Ikan means fish and Pepes refers to the method of steaming it in banana leaves, then grilling. Ikan Pepes is made with whole fish cooked in exotic Eastern spices.

Directions for Preparing Ikan Pepes

  1. Use a knife to score the fish on both sides.
  2. Rub the fish with salt and lime juice.
  3. Set aside.
  4. Make a curry paste by combining the tamarind pulp, warm water, chili peppers, lemongrass, basil leaves, nuts, tomato, sugar, saffron powder, and shrimp paste in the food processor.
  5. Mince for two (0:02) minutes until smooth paste forms.
  6. Rinse the banana leaves in cold water.
  7. Spread a layer of curry paste over one side of the banana leaf.
  8. Rub adequate curry paste over the fish as well as inside the belly.
  9. Place the fish on the smeared banana leaf.
  10. Wrap the fish in the banana leaf, securing it with pre-soaked strings.
  11. Steam the banana leaf packet in a bamboo steamer for twenty (0:20) minutes.
  12. Remove from the steamer.
  13. Lay the packet on a hot grill for a total of six (0:06) minutes.
  14. Cut the strings and unwrap the packet.
  15. Remove the cooked fish and set it on a serving dish.
  16. Serve Ikan Pepes with warm white rice sprinkled with chopped basil leaves

The cuisine of East Timor consists of regional popular foods such as pork, fish, basil, tamarind, legumes, corn, rice, root vegetables, and tropical fruit. East Timorese cuisine has influences from Southeast Asian foods and from Portuguese dishes from its colonization by Portugal. Flavors and ingredients from other former Portuguese colonies can be found due to the centuries-old Portuguese presence on the island.

National Dish of Equatorial Guinea

Ikan Pepes is a traditional national fish dish of East Timor (Timor-Leste). The name reflects its preparation method: ikan means fish, while pepes refers to cooking food wrapped in banana leaves. This technique is common across Southeast Asia and serves both practical and culinary purposes, as banana leaves protect the fish during cooking while imparting subtle aroma and moisture. In East Timor, Ikan Pepes showcases the country’s reliance on fresh seafood and indigenous ingredients such as tamarind, basil, lemongrass, and chili. The dish also reflects broader regional influences from Southeast Asian spice traditions, alongside elements introduced during centuries of Portuguese colonization. Traditionally steamed and then lightly grilled, Ikan Pepes balances gentle cooking with smoky depth, and it is commonly served with plain rice to highlight the complex spice profile. The dish represents East Timor’s coastal food culture and its blend of local and historical influences.

Related Recipe

12 Views
January 30, 2026
Explore the refreshing Sorrel Drink, Dominica’s national hibiscus beverage, and its cultural significance in the Caribbean.
20 Views
August 14, 2025
Lachcha Paratha is a popular Indian flatbread known for its crispy, flaky layers. Traditionally made with a mix of whole wheat flour and oil, this delicious paratha pairs perfectly with curries, yogurt, or even on its own with some butter.
19 Views
June 21, 2025
Shah Plov is a rich and aromatic Azerbaijani rice dish made with saffron rice, tender meat, dried fruits, and nuts, baked inside a crisp golden crust for a stunning presentation.

User Area