Kibbeh is the national dish of Syria and one of the most iconic foods of Levantine cuisine. The dish is made from bulgur wheat combined with finely ground meat, traditionally lamb, and shaped around a spiced meat filling.
The origins of kibbeh date back centuries, rooted in rural Levantine cooking where bulgur wheat was a staple grain and meat was stretched through careful preparation. Grinding meat with wheat allowed families to create filling, protein-rich meals using modest quantities of lamb.
Kibbeh exists in many forms across Syria and neighboring countries. Some versions are baked, others are shaped into patties, and one well-known variation, kibbeh nayeh, is eaten raw. Among all forms, fried kibbeh remains the most popular and widely recognized, commonly served as a snack, mezze item, or appetizer.
In Syrian culture, kibbeh represents craftsmanship and hospitality. Preparing it requires skill, patience, and balance of spices, making it a dish often associated with gatherings, celebrations, and family meals. Its widespread variations reflect regional identities while maintaining a shared culinary heritage across the Levant.